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Tanah Lot
Monkey Forest
Safari Marine Park
Kuta Beach
Lovina Beach

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Museum Subak

Subak deserve to be preserved. Besides as a cultural asset, is also a tourism asset that is priceless. Subak Museum Tabanan reasonably supported the existence of preservation. Sanggulan village, Tabanan not so far from Denpasar. It's only 20 kilometers west of Denpasar. Can be reached in 45 minutes. There stood Subak Museum which tells about the life of the Balinese people, especially their agricultural system. Museum with an area of ​​6 hectares, consisting of Main Museum (closed) and the Museum Open (Open Air Museum).
Inside the complex there is an exhibition hall, audiovisual room, study room, lodging facilities, libraries, offices and miniature irrigation system. The museum was inaugurated former Governor of Bali, Prof Dr Ida Bagus Mantra October 13, 1981.
The establishment of this museum by I Gusti Ketut digagasi Kaler, customs and religion expert who was then the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Bali. He saw the need for traditional institutions Subak which seeks to preserve the cultural heritage of this nation since the XI century. The effort was finally realized. Initially called "Subak Museum of Cultural Property."
This museum is a special museum of farming systems in Bali distinctively self-reliance upon a foundation of eternal "Tri Hita Krana", three causes of happiness (God, man and nature). With the development of science and technology, it is feared will also affect on the lives of Subak.
For that effort to preserve traditional Balinese Subak and equipment including traditional farmhouse building which follows the rules of construction of earth and Asta Asta Kosala-kosali, spatial layout according to tradition in Balinese society should be encouraged.
In addition to rescue, digging, securing and maintaining the various objects associated with the water control system and presents a variety of information, education and documentation about Subak, Subak it turned out to be an interesting tourist attraction.
Subak Museum consists of two parts. There are museums and museums holding open. In the main museum building or complex is sacred with Padmasana, Bedugul and others.
And spatial layout of buildings adapted to the surrounding environment by sticking to the traditional development: Tri Mandala, Tri Anga and Asta Kosala Kosali. While the museum is open tangible "Subak Mini" used as a demonstration of Subak, from irrigation systems to farmers' activities in the fields.
Subak Museum is open every day at 07:00 to 18:00 pm except holiday Nyepi. The items on display are items Parahyangan, Pawongan and Palemahan that related to Subak. In the cropping season of 1979, Subak Rijasa obtain Insus champion Supra national level, because of his achievements in increasing agricultural production.

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Monkey Forest

The Monkey (macaques)

The monkeys within the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal are commonly called long-tailed macaques. Their scientific name is Macaca fascicuiaris. Macaques are found throughout Southeast Asia and many species of macaques live successfully in areas that are heavily utilized by humans. On Bali, there are Balinese long-tailed macaque troops (populations) that live in areas where they have little to no contact with humans and troops that come into contact with humans on a regular basis. However, despite the fact that many species of macaques thrive in areas that are heavily utilized by humans, there is evidence that the viability of Balinese long-tailed macaques (the ability of macaques to continue to thrive) may be dependent upon the conservation of Bali's forested areas. Within long-tailed macaque societies, females are typically born into and remain with a single troop for life. In contrast, adult and sub-adult males may migrate between troops (young adult males typically leave their natal troop between the ages of 4 to 8 years). In order for a migrating adult or sub-adult male to be accepted into a new troop, migrating males must align themselves with a troops' females and be accepted by those females. Therefore, long-tailed macaque societies or troops are made up of 'matrilines' ('matri' is a root word that means 'mother'). Currently, there are approximately 340 (32 adult males, 19 male sub adult, 77 adult females, 122 juvenile and 54 infants) Balinese long-tailed macaques that inhabit the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal. However, these long-tailed macaques do not belong to the same troop. In fact, within the Sacred Monkey Forest, there are 4 distinct troops. Tourists tend to have a difficult time identifying the Sacred Monkey Forest's long-tailed macaque troops. One reason for this is that the area(s) that each of the troops primarily occupy within the boundaries of the Sacred Monkey Forest changes over time. Changes in the range of each troop is dependent in part upon variations that occur in the number of individuals within each troop and changes that occur in each of the troops' composition (the age and sex of individuals within a troop). Finally, tourists have a difficult time identifying each of the Sacred Monkey Forest's long-tailed macaque troops because there can be extensive overlap between the ranges of all the Sacred Monkey Forest's troops. This overlap in ranges occasionally causes inter-troop conflicts to break out (conflicts break out between 2 or all 3 of the Sacred Monkey Forest's macaque troops). As a result of these conflicts, it is not uncommon for troops to engage in violent physical clashes. Although it is rare for individual macaques to sustain life-threatening wounds as a result of taking part in an inter-troop clash, it is not uncommon for macaques to sustain wounds that leave permanent scars. Throughout Bali, Balinese long-tailed macaques tend to stay within forested areas. However, Balinese long-tailed macaques, including those within the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal, occasionally wander into rice fields or even village areas that are adjacent to the forest. Outside of forested areas, monkeys can become pests and the Balinese tend to apply whatever means necessary to protect their crops and other property. The Sacred Monkey Forest's long-tailed macaques are the subject of an ongoing resarch project that is being conducted by the Balinese Macaque Project. The Balinese Macaque Project involves researchers from the United States, Guam, and the University of Udayana (Bali, Indonesia). To date, the Balinese Macaque Project has conducted research to determine the mating strategies, migration and range patterns, dominance ralationships, and habitat use of Balinese long-tailed macaques. The Balinese Macaque Project hopes that such research will facilitate the development of conservation strategies for Balinese long-tailed macaques and sites like the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Within Balinese Hinduism, monkeys can be the embodiment of both positive and negative forces. The dual nature of monkeys is especially reflected in the Ramayana (a very popular Indian epic poem). Within the Ramayana, Sita (the beloved bride of Rama) is abducted by Rawana (an evil king). Rama (an incarnation of Dewa Wisnu) calls upon Sugriwa (king of the monkeys) and Hanuman (Sugriwa's General) to help him retrieve Sita. However, within the Ramayana, there are also antagonist monkeys like Subali that attempt to assist Rawana. In the end, Hanuman, along with his monkey army, defeats Rawana's evil forces and helps Rama to retrieve Sita. Because monkeys can embody both positive and negative forces, the Balinese both loathe and revere monkeys. Monkeys that occupy sacred Balinese Hindu temple sites (like the Sacred Monkey Forest) tend to be revered and protected by the Balinese. One reason for this is that monkeys, in the form of a Barong, are believed to be capable of guarding temple sites against evil spirits (for additional discussion on Barongs, see the chapter titled "GODS, GODDESSES, AND DEMONS"). However, the Balinese belief that monkeys can be negative in nature is reinforced when, for example, they raid rice fields or snatch items from souvenier shops. MACAQUE FAMILIES Adult male and female Balinese long-tailed macaques have distinguishable physical characteristics. Males tend to be larger then females. Male Balinese long-tailed macaqes can weigh up to 10 kilograms (approximately 18 pounds). Males, in comparison to females, have broader shoulders and larger canine teeth. In addition, females have facial hair that resembles a 'bear' whereas males have more pronounced 'mustaches'. Compared with adult males, sub-adult males have smaller bodies, smaller canine teeth, shorter back/shoulder hair and narrower shoulders. Compared with adult females, sub-adult females typically have shorter nipples. This is because female macaques do not reach adult status until after they have given birth. Young macaques are split into 3 age groups. Young macaques that are between the age of 0-6 months old and have predominantly black hair color are called 'Infant 1'. Young macaques that are between the age of 6-12 months old and have black hair only on their head are called 'Infant 2'. Finally, young macaques that are between 1-3.5 years in age are called 'Juveniles'. Mother macaques can be very protective and tourists should always be cautious when approaching infant macaques.

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Village Organization of Credit System of Padang Tegal Village

Village Organization of Credit System
of Padang Tegal Village

DESA PAKRAMAN PADANGTEGAL

Background
Long time ago before Village Organization of Credit System or in Indonesian, it is said Lembaga Perkreditan Desa/LPD is established in Bali, mostly in all villages in Bali, grow and develop small group or in Balinese it is called sekaa , which engage in saving and loan. Sekaa use Balinese systems and Hinduism philosophies that organize traditionally with believe and understanding as its belief, (in Balinese this belief is said in our local genius with, paras paros sarpanaya, segilik seguluk, selunglung sebayantaka). It is appropriate with saving Balinese ancestors tradition philosophy. It is famous with named Ajeg Bali.

Because of this situation, Bali Government program in Public Policy to save and develop sekaa-sekaa until Traditional Village Organization that nowadays called Desa Pakraman is published, to be formal organization that subsidy and help the developing of Village communities itself.

In former governor of Bali, Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra (deceased) era, he with his staffs came and studied to Sumatra. In Sumatra, there is a finance organization who is owner by traditional village that develop very good named Lumbung Pitik Nagari . After few months, He attended seminar about LPD in Semarang and from the result of that seminar, Mr. Mantra established LPD in Bali with Governor decree number 972 date on 1st of November 1984.

For the first time in 1985, in every regencies in Bali province established one unit of LPD as traditional village saving and loan organization with the first money was two millions rupiahs (Rp 2.000.000).

In future development, LPD in Bali already showed its role in motivating community economic developing from good plan of modal channelization effectiveness. So because of this result, the LPD and its rules were legitimated by province law, number 2 on 1988.

He believed LPD would develop well because economy aspects of villagges in Bali are supported by sekaa. There are many sekaa e.g sekaa of harvest rice, sekaa of planting, sekaa of arts etc. All the sekaas would save money and in certain time it will disburse for religion and culture important. With established the LPD, it is hoped the economy wheel and money in villages go well so it why head of village also promoted in first era of LPD.

On 1987, Padang Tegal Village in Ubud sub district and Bona Village in Blahbatuh sub district were given confidence invested in established and managed LPD in Gianyar regency with 16 villages all around Bali. When managed its LPD, all villages have their own difficulties but they are keeping move foward as their motto ngulati kerahajengan semeton sami and it means LPD works for our prosperous itself.


The Establishing understanding of the Padang Tegal Village LPD
Enthusiasm of idea from former Governor of Bali, Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra (deceased) to make an organization to support of village economy and brotherhood with the values of religion and culture (Governor decree number 972 on 1984), I Made Bawa as the head of Padang Tegal Village firstly chose I Wayan Artana and Ni Nyoman Sulasih to train in Denpasar about this organization. Next on 23rd of February 1987, Padang Tegal LPD officially opened with degree number 53 on 1987. With only Rp 2.000.000 as asset, Villagers were not enthusiasm with LPD in that time. Another reasons and conditions that made Villagers were not enthusiasms are:
• Economic enterprise had less believing in LPD.
• Government and Private banks already popular.
• LPD had not enough human resources.
• Etc

A year later, Padang Tegal LPD was given fund by regent of Gianyar Rp 2.500.000, asset total in that time was Rp 4.500.000. As effort of the head of Padang Tegal village in that time, I Made Bawa with his staff I Wayan Atjin Tisna (deceased) and Drs. I Made Subrata (deceased), they started to plan and promote LPD. On Saturday 22nd of February 1997 Padang Tegal LPD reopened again with Padang Tegal Village Traditional Custom Degree (in Balinese called pararem) number 4. Since in that time Padang Tegal villagers started to look, save and loan money there.

On 1996, the head of Padang Tegal chose a new LPD management, I Nyoman Monok (deceased) as LPD leader, Drs. I Nyoman Artana as secretary and I wayan Bawa (deceased) as treasurer. The new management looked more staffs and LPD became more popular because it promoted by the village head and LPD staffs. Then commissioner board promoted a new daily manager Dra. Ni Nyoman Yasi because condition and situation in 1999 said so. With a new daily manager, Padang Tegal LPD started developed with balance Rp. 938.284.651, saving box was Rp. 632.494.713, deposito was Rp. 236.000.000, credit was Rp. 561.318.907 and profit was Rp. 67.002.208.

Until 2001, after retreated of the daily manager, Ni Nyoman Yasi, afterwards the head of Padang Tegal Village chose I Wayan Artana, S.E., as a new daily leader of Padang Tegal LPD. After that, in election for the new period of Padang Tegal LPD management, I Wayan Artana, S.E., was choosing as the leader again with Drs. I Nyoman Artana as the secretaris and I Wayan Bawa (deceased) as the treasurer.

Function and Purpose
LPD works with economy principle that careful principle consider as the most important operation principle with its function and purpose:
• As the bank of village properties (money, commercial paper, etc).
• As one of village organization to help increasing standard live of villagers and developing the village itself.
• As finance house of village.
• Against of illegal finance house, loan shark and moneylender.
• To save culture, custom and religion

Vision To make LPD as non bank finance house, which is strong, believing and capable as village developing organization.

Mission
• To increase positive individual competition, competitiveness, business friendship, innovation and organization quality system in managing villagers money.
• To increase LPD contribution to Village and Government.
• To increase LPD activities on environment for culture and religion affairs

The developing of Padang Tegal LPD.
Padang Tegal LPD is orienting as village economy place that capable to produce profit to village without bend social oriented, give opportunities of looking a job as individual or group as its function and purpose and it must oriented with village social invest because the developing of LPD depend of villagers role and also it is not only for looking a economic oriented.
Padang Tegal LPD Developing Data between 2006 – 2010

	ASSET	CASH	BOX	DEPOSITO	LOAN	INCOME	COST	PROFIT
2006	9.581	3.706	4.874	2.690	6.057	1.466	845	620
2007	14.098	7.150	7.608	4.071	7.143	1.579	928	650
2008	21.360	11.529	11.353	7.096	9.999	2.238	1.495	742
2009	26.332	13.409	13.466	9.210	12.700	3.077	2.025	1.051
2010	37.987	15.367	19.111	13.814	22.098	4.249	2.830	1.418

* amount in billion

Problem
• Human resource quality is still need to guidance and train for better service to customers.
• Still have not brave enough to credit expansion in LPD.
• Bank rate keeps decrease.
• LPD needs new better building.
• Etc

Reparation efforts
• Management, infrastructure and organization reparations.
• Operation reparations (making new money sources and credit reparations).
• Structure reparations.
• Build a new better LPD building.
• Etc.

Future Prospect
LPD is hoped to have better future with doing careful principle and reparation efforts year by year. For future needed, LPD is still in progress to develop and complete in information tehnologies and human resources. Only LPDs with good management and strong financing will have capability to compete in modern globalization era. Finally, LPD needs positive supports from head of village, its staffs and also from the villagers for prosperous they self.

Key words:
- Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD): Village Organization of Credit System.
- Sekaa: small group in Bali.
- Pararem: Balinese Traditional Custom Law.
(Thanks to Agus Bratayadnya for the translation)

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